Development of an Energy Efficient and Fully Autonomous Low-Cost IoT System for Irrigation Scheduling in Water-Scarce Areas Using Different Water Sources

Politicians and the general public are concerned about climate change, water scarcity, constant reduction in agricultural land. Water reserves scarce many regions world, negatively affecting productivity, which makes it a necessity to introduce sustainable resource management. Nowadays, there is number of commercial IoT systems for irrigation scheduling, helping farmers manage save water. However, these focus on using available fresh sources, without being able alternative sources. In this study, an Arduino-based low-cost system automated scheduling developed implemented, can provide measurements parameters with high precision sensors. The used weather station data combined FAO56 model computing requirements various crops, was capable handling monitoring different streams by supervising their quality quantity. tested several field trials, evaluate its capabilities functionalities, including sensors’ accuracy, autonomous controlling operation, power consumption. results study show that worked efficiently management types sources (rainwater, groundwater, seawater, wastewater) automating scheduling. addition, proved be long periods time any source, making ideal annual crops.